A Guide for Executors 

You must ensure that the death is registered within five days (eight days in Scotland). You’ll receive a death certificate, which you will need throughout the process.

If the estate requires probate (the legal right to deal with someone’s estate), you’ll need to apply for a Grant of Probate through the government’s probate service. Without this grant, you may not be able to access the deceased’s assets.

• When is probate required? Probate is usually needed when the deceased owned property, had significant bank accounts, or investments. If the estate is small, probate may not be required, but you should check with the relevant institutions.
• How to apply for probate: You can apply online or by post using Form PA1P (if there is a Will). You will need to submit the death certificate, the Will, and details about the estate’s assets and debts.

You are responsible for identifying and securing all the deceased’s assets. This includes:

• Bank accounts
• Property
• Investments (stocks, shares, etc.)
• Personal belongings (cars, jewellery, etc.)

Contact the relevant institutions (e.g., banks, insurers) to notify them of the death and begin the process of transferring or releasing assets.

Before distributing the estate, you must ensure that any outstanding debts, taxes, and funeral expenses are paid. This could include:

• Mortgages
• Loans or credit card debts
• Utility bills
• Inheritance Tax (if applicable)

It’s important to settle all liabilities before distributing any assets, or you could be held personally responsible.

Once all debts have been paid, you can distribute the remaining assets according to the Will. This involves:

• Transferring money or property to beneficiaries
• Ensuring personal items are passed to those named in the Will
• Closing the estate with any leftover funds

Throughout the entire process, keep detailed records of all financial transactions, including money received and paid out on behalf of the estate. This will be essential if there are any disputes or questions from beneficiaries or authorities.

You must ensure that the deceased’s final income tax returns are completed and submitted to HMRC. Additionally, you may need to file an Inheritance Tax return if the estate exceeds the current threshold.

After all debts are settled, assets are distributed, and taxes are paid, you can officially close the estate. This marks the end of your duties as an executor.

Being an executor can be complex, and there may be situations where you need legal or financial advice. If you’re unsure about any step, consider seeking guidance from a solicitor or probate specialist.